Analisis Kebijakan Perlindungan Anak di Dunia Digital: Studi Komparatif Indonesia dan Korea Selatan dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia
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Abstract
Perkembangan teknologi digital telah menciptakan peluang baru bagi anak untuk mengakses informasi, berpartisipasi, dan memperoleh manfaat dari ruang digital. Namun, di sisi lain, lingkungan digital juga menghadirkan berbagai risiko yang mengancam hak-hak anak, seperti perundungan siber, eksploitasi seksual daring, dan penyalahgunaan data pribadi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan perlindungan anak di lingkungan digital melalui studi komparatif antara Indonesia dan Korea Selatan dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif yang dipadukan dengan analisis kelembagaan komparatif (institutional and policy review). Analisis difokuskan pada kesesuaian kerangka hukum dan kelembagaan kedua negara dengan standar internasional, khususnya Convention on the Rights of the Child, Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, dan General Comment No. 25. Fokus kajian mencakup perundungan siber dan pelecehan daring, eksploitasi serta kekerasan seksual anak secara online, termasuk grooming dan child sexual abuse material (CSAM), serta perlindungan data pribadi anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia telah melakukan penguatan regulasi melalui pengaturan perlindungan data pribadi dan tata kelola sistem elektronik yang berorientasi pada perlindungan anak. Namun, tantangan masih ditemukan pada aspek penegakan hukum, koordinasi antarlembaga, dan pelaporan kasus. Sementara itu, Korea Selatan menunjukkan kapasitas yang lebih kuat dalam penegakan hukum dan layanan pendampingan korban yang terintegrasi, meskipun masih menghadapi persoalan terkait privasi, partisipasi anak, dan stigma sosial. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran timbal balik antarnegara diperlukan untuk membangun sistem perlindungan anak digital yang lebih efektif, berpusat pada hak anak, dan adaptif terhadap perkembangan teknologi.
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