Pola Komunikasi Orang Tua dalam Memperkenalkan Pendidikan Seksual pada Anak Tuna Rungu (Studi Fenomenologi Orang Tua Anak Tuna Rungu di Kota Jakarta Selatan)
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Abstract
Anak tunarungu mengalami hambatan dalam menangkap pesan verbal sehingga penyampaian informasi kepada mereka membutuhkan strategi komunikasi yang fleksibel dan masih banyak orang tua yang belum memahami pola komunikasi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak tunarungu. Akibatnya, anak kurang memperoleh pengetahuan tentang pengenalan tubuh, batasan diri, serta cara menjaga keselamatan pribadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran pola komunikasi orang tua dalam membentuk pendidikan seksual bagi anak tunarungu di Kota Jakarta Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif pendekatan fenomenologi. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Landasan teori yang digunakan adalah Teori Komunikasi Interpersonal dari Joseph DeVito, yang menekankan unsur keterbukaan, empati, dukungan, sikap positif, dan kesetaraan dalam komunikasi, serta Teori Belajar Sosial dari Albert Bandura, yang menjelaskan bahwa proses belajar terjadi melalui observasi, peniruan, dan pembentukan keyakinan diri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang tua mengombinasikan bahasa isyarat, ekspresi wajah, gerak tubuh, dan media visual agar pesan dapat dipahami secara optimal. Komunikasi yang terbuka, empatik, dan bertahap mampu mempererat kedekatan emosional serta menumbuhkan rasa aman anak dalam membahas topik sensitif. Pola komunikasi yang ditemukan meliputi permisif, otoriter, dan demokratis, dengan pola demokratis paling efektif karena mendorong dialog dan partisipasi aktif anak. Kendala utama meliputi keterbatasan kosakata bahasa isyarat tentang seksualitas, budaya tabu, minimnya akses informasi, serta kesulitan memahami konsep abstrak. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan seksual anak tunarungu memerlukan komunikasi keluarga yang adaptif, konsisten, dan kolaboratif, serta dukungan dari sekolah dan lingkungan sekitar.
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